Allergies

Things that cause allergic reactions are called allergens. Common allergens include: tree and grass pollen ( hay fever ) house dust mites foods, such as peanuts, milk and eggs ( food allergy ) animals, particularly pets like cats and dogs insect stings, such as bee and wasp stings certain medicines

Symptoms of an allergic reaction can appear within minutes or after a few hours. Symptoms may include: a runny nose or sneezing red or watering eyes pain or tenderness around your cheeks, eyes or forehead coughing, wheezing or breathlessness a raised rash ( hives ), or itchy or red skin – redness can be harder to see on brown or black skin diarrhoea, stomach cramps or bloating feeling or being sick swollen eyes, lips, mouth or throat

Follow these steps if you think you or someone you're with is having an anaphylactic reaction: Use an adrenaline auto-injector (such as an EpiPen) if you have one – instructions are included on the side of the injector. Call 999 for an ambulance and say that you think you're having an anaphylactic reaction. Lie down – you can raise your legs, and if you're struggling to breathe, raise your shoulders or sit up slowly (if you're pregnant, lie on your left side). If you have been stung by an insect, try to remove the sting if it's still in the skin. If your symptoms have not improved after 5 minutes, use a 2nd adrenaline auto-injector. Do not stand or walk at any time, even if you feel better. Information: How to use an adrenaline auto-injector There are different types of adrenaline auto-injectors and each one is given differently. EpiPen instructions (EpiPen website) Jext instructions (Jext website)

A GP may arrange some allergy tests or refer you to a specialist allergy clinic to have them. Tests you may have include: a skin prick test – where a small amount of the allergen is put on your skin to see if it reacts blood tests a special diet where you are gradually given increasing amounts of a food you might be allergic to, to see if you react

There are different ways to manage and treat allergies, depending on the type of allergic reaction. More severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, need to be treated in hospital. Treatments for allergies may include: trying to avoid the thing you're allergic to whenever possible medicines for allergic reactions, like antihistamines and steroid nasal sprays, tablets and creams emergency medicines called adrenaline auto-injectors, such as an EpiPen, for severe allergic reactions desensitisation (immunotherapy) – this involves carefully exposing you to the thing you're allergic to over time, so your body gradually gets used to it and does not react so badly (this should only be done by a medical professional) If you see a specialist, they may give you an allergy management plan that will explain how to manage your allergy.