LAB TEST
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy using a flexible scope is a procedure used to see inside the sigmoid colon and rectum. The sigmoid colon is the area of the large intestine nearest to the rectum and is about one third of the total colon.
How the Test is Performed
During the test: You lie on your left side with your knees drawn up to your chest. Your health care provider gently places a gloved and lubricated finger into your rectum to check for blockage and gently enlarge (dilate) the anus. This is called a digital rectal exam . Next, the flexible sigmoidoscope is placed…
How to Prepare for the Test
Your provider will tell you how to prepare for the exam. You will use an enema to empty your bowels. This is usually done 1 hour before the sigmoidoscopy. Often, a second enema may be recommended or your provider may recommend a liquid laxative the night before. On the morning of the procedure, you may be asked to…
How the Test will Feel
During the exam you may feel: Pressure during the digital rectal exam or when the scope is placed in your rectum. The need to have a bowel movement. Some bloating or cramping caused by the air or by stretching of the bowel by the sigmoidoscope. After the test, your body will pass the air that was put into your colon.…
Why the Test is Performed
Your provider may recommend this test to look for the cause of: Abdominal pain Diarrhea , constipation, or other changes in bowel habits Blood, mucus, or pus in the stool Weight loss that can't be explained This test can also be used to: Confirm findings of another test or x-rays Screen for colorectal cancer or polyps…
Normal Results
A normal test result will show no problems with the color, texture, and size of the lining of the sigmoid colon, rectal mucosa, rectum, and anus.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results can indicate: Anal fissures (small split or tear in the thin, moist tissue lining the anus) Anorectal abscess (collection of pus in the area of the anus and rectum) Blockage of the large intestine , such as a mechanical blockage or Hirschsprung disease Cancer Colorectal polyps Diverticulosis (abnormal…
Risks
There is a slight risk of bowel perforation (tearing a hole) and bleeding at the biopsy sites. The overall risk is very small.
References
Patel SG, May FP, Anderson JC, et al. Updates on age to start and stop colorectal cancer screening: Recommendations from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology . 2022;162(1):285-299. PMID: 34794816 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34794816/ . Sugumar A, Vargo JJ. Preparation for and…
This is a summary. Read the full article at www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org (reviewed 12/08/2024).
This page is general information and is not medical advice. It does not replace a registered doctor, and it is not a prescription or a recommendation to use any medicine or test. Prices are listed prices and may change. Always follow the advice of your doctor or pharmacist.