Renapine XR

Renapine XR is indicated for the treatment of Acute and chronic psychoses, including schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder including: treatment of manic episodes satisfying DSM-IV criteria for mania associated with bipolar  disorder, treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder, maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder, in combination with a mood stabilizer, for the prevention of recurrence of manic, depressive or mixed episodes.

Quetiapine Fumarate is an atypical psychotropic agent belonging to a chemical class, the dibenzothiazepine derivatives. Quetiapine is an antagonist at multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain: serotonin 5HT 1A and 5HT 2 , dopamine D 1 and D 2 , histamine H 1 , and adrenergic α1 and α2 receptors. Quetiapine has no appreciable affinity at cholinergic muscarinic and benzodiazepine receptors. The mechanism of action of Quetiapine is unknown. However, it has been proposed that this drug's efficacy in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of dopamine D 2 and serotonin 5HT 2 antagonism. Quetiapine's antagonism of histamine H 1 receptors may explain the somnolence and that of adrenergic a receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug.

Acute and chronic psychoses, including schizophrenia : Quetiapine should be administered twice daily, with or without food. The total daily dose for the first four days of therapy is 50 mg (Day 1), 100 mg (Day 2), 200 mg (Day 3) and 300 mg (Day 4). From Day 4 onwards, the dose should be titrated to the usual effective dose range of 300-450 mg/day. However, this may be adjusted, depending on the clinical response and tolerability of the individual patient, within the range 150 to 750 mg/day. Manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder : Quetiapine should be administered twice daily, with or without food. The total daily dose for the first four days of therapy is 100 mg (Day 1), 200 mg (Day 2), 300 mg (Day 3) and 400 mg (Day 4). Further dosage adjustments up to 800mg/day by Day 6 should be in increments of no greater than 200 mg/day. The dose may be adjusted depending on clinical response & tolerability of the individual patient, within the range of 200 to 800 mg/day. The usual effective dose is in the range of 400 to 800mg/day. Depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder : Quetiapine should be administered once daily at bedtime, with or without food. The usual dose is 300 mg/day. The daily dose for the first four days of therapy is 50 mg (Day 1), 100 mg (Day 2), 200 mg (Day 3) and 300 mg (Day 4). Quetiapine can be titrated to 400 mg on Day 5 and up to 600mg by Day 8. Antidepressant efficacy was demonstrated with Quetiapine at 300mg and 600 mg, however no additional benefit was seen in the 600mg group during short term treatment. Maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder in combination with mood stabilizers : Patients who have responded to Quetiapine in combination therapy with a mood stabiliser for acute treatment of bipolar disorder should continue on Quetiapine therapy at the same dose. Quetiapine dose can be re-adjusted depending on clinical response and tolerability of the individual patient. Efficacy was demonstrated with Quetiapine (administered twice daily totalling 400mg to 800mg a day) as combination therapy with a mood stabilizer.

Caution should be exercised when Renapine XR is used concomitantly with medicines known to cause electrolyte imbalance or to increase QT interval. Co-administration of Renapine XR and thioridazine or carbamazepine caused increases in the clearance of Renapine XR. Co-administration of Renapine XR with another microsomal enzyme inducer, phenytoin, also caused increases in the clearance of Renapine XR.

Quetiapine is contra-indicated in patients who are hypersensitive to it.

The most commonly reported Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) with Renapine XR are somnolence, dizziness, dry mouth, withdrawal (discontinuation) symptoms, elevations in serum triglyceride levels, elevations in total cholesterol (predominantly LDL cholesterol), decreases in HDL cholesterol, weight gain, decreased haemoglobin and extrapyramidal symptoms.

The safety and efficacy of Quetiapine during human pregnancy have not been established. Therefore, Quetiapine should only be used during pregnancy if the benefits justify the potential risks and the administered dose and duration of treatment should be as low and as short as possible. The degree to which Quetiapine is excreted into human milk is unknown. Women who are breast-feeding should therefore be advised to avoid breast-feeding while taking Quetiapine.

Suicide/suicidal thoughts or clinical worsening : Depression is associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, self-harm and suicide (suicide-related events). This risk persists until significant remission occurs.

Concomitant Illness : Renapine XR should be used with caution in patients with known cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, or other conditions predisposing to hypotension. Renapine XR may induce orthostatic hypotension especially during the initial dose-titration period.

Seizures : As with other antipsychotics, caution is recommended when treating patients with a history of seizures.

Tardive Dyskinesia and Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) : If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear, dose reduction or discontinuation of Renapine XR should be considered.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome : This syndrome has been associated with antipsychotic treatment. Renapine XR should be discontinued and appropriate medical treatment given.

QT Prolongation : As with other antipsychotics, caution should be exercised when Renapine XR is prescribed in patients with cardiovascular disease or family history of QT prolongation.

Neutropenia : Severe neutropenia (<0.5x109/L) has been uncommonly reported in Renapine XR clinical trials. Most cases of severe neutropenia have occurred within the first two months of starting therapy with Renapine XR.

Hyperglycemia & diabetes mellitus : Increases in blood glucose and hyperglycaemia, and occasional reports of diabetes, have been observed in clinical trials with Renapine XR.

In clinical trials, survival has been reported in acute overdoses of up to 30 grams of Renapine XR. There is no specific antidote to Renapine XR. In cases of severe intoxication, the possibility of multiple drug involvement should be considered, and intensive care procedures are recommended, including establishing and maintaining a patent airway, ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation, and monitoring and support of the cardiovascular system. In cases of Renapine XR overdose, refractory hypotension should be treated with appropriate measures such as intravenous fluids and/or sympathomimetic agents (adrenaline and dopamine should be avoided, since beta stimulation may worsen hypotension in the setting of Renapine XR-induced alpha blockade). Close medical supervision and monitoring should be continued until the patient recovers.

Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the blister pack and the carton. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Store in a cool and dry place away from light.